Parameter |
Square Counter Flow Cooling Tower |
Round Counter Flow Cooling Tower |
Round Closed - Circuit Counter Flow Cooling Tower |
Cooling Capacity |
Varies widely based on size, typically from 50 to 3000 tons of refrigeration (TR). Smaller units may be around 50 - 200 TR, while large - scale ones can reach up to 3000 TR. |
Similar to square counter - flow, ranging from 50 to 3000 TR. Compact models may start at 50 TR, and large industrial versions can go up to 3000 TR. |
Usually in the range of 100 to 2000 TR. The closed - circuit design may limit the upper capacity due to space and heat - transfer considerations. |
Water Flow Rate |
Depends on the cooling capacity. For a 100 - TR unit, it may be around 200 - 300 cubic meters per hour (m³/h). For a 1000 - TR unit, it can be 2000 - 3000 m³/h. |
Similar to square counter - flow. A 100 - TR unit may have a water flow rate of 200 - 300 m³/h, and a 1000 - TR unit can reach 2000 - 3000 m³/h. |
For a 100 - TR closed - circuit tower, the water flow rate may be 150 - 250 m³/h. For a 1000 - TR unit, it can be 1500 - 2500 m³/h. The closed - circuit design may have a slightly lower water flow rate compared to open - circuit towers. |
Approach Temperature |
Usually in the range of 2 - 5°C. A well - designed tower can achieve an approach temperature of around 2 - 3°C, while standard units may have an approach of 3 - 5°C. |
Similar to square counter - flow, with an approach temperature typically between 2 - 5°C. High - efficiency models can reach 2 - 3°C. |
Can achieve relatively low approach temperatures, often in the range of 1 - 4°C. The closed - circuit design may allow for better temperature control and a lower approach. |
Range Temperature |
Typically from 5 - 10°C. For example, in a common application, the range temperature may be around 8°C. |
Similar to square counter - flow, with a range temperature usually between 5 - 10°C. |
Can have a range temperature of 6 - 12°C. The closed - circuit design may have a different heat - transfer mechanism, resulting in a slightly different range. |
Noise Level |
Can be in the range of 55 - 75 decibels (dB(A)). Smaller units may be on the lower end of the range, while larger towers with more powerful fans can reach up to 75 dB(A). |
Similar noise levels to square counter - flow, ranging from 55 - 75 dB(A). The round shape may have some minor effects on noise dispersion. |
Generally, closed - circuit towers can be a bit quieter, with noise levels in the range of 50 - 70 dB(A). The closed - circuit design may help in reducing noise. |
Fan Power |
For a 100 - TR square counter - flow tower, the fan power may be around 5 - 10 kilowatts (kW). For a 1000 - TR unit, it can be 50 - 100 kW. |
Similar to square counter - flow. A 100 - TR round counter - flow tower may have a fan power of 5 - 10 kW, and a 1000 - TR unit can have 50 - 100 kW. |
For a 100 - TR closed - circuit round counter - flow tower, the fan power may be 6 - 12 kW. For a 1000 - TR unit, it can be 60 - 120 kW. The closed - circuit design may require slightly more power for the fan due to the additional heat - exchanger resistance. |
Material of Construction |
The shell is often made of fiberglass - reinforced plastic (FRP), which provides good corrosion resistance. The fill material can be PVC or other heat - transfer - efficient materials. The frame may be made of steel with proper coating for corrosion protection. |
Similar to square counter - flow. The shell is usually FRP, the fill is PVC or similar, and the frame is coated steel. |
The outer shell is typically FRP. The closed - circuit heat exchanger can be made of copper, stainless steel, or other corrosion - resistant metals. The frame is steel with anti - corrosion treatment. |
Dimensions |
Dimensions vary based on the cooling capacity. A small 50 - TR square counter - flow tower may have dimensions of around 2m x 2m x 3m (length x width x height). A large 3000 - TR tower can be 20m x 20m x 10m or larger. |
For a 50 - TR round counter - flow tower, the diameter may be around 2 - 3m and the height around 3 - 4m. A 3000 - TR round tower can have a diameter of 15 - 20m and a height of 8 - 12m. |
A 100 - TR round closed - circuit counter - flow tower may have a diameter of 3 - 4m and a height of 4 - 5m. A 2000 - TR tower can have a diameter of 12 - 15m and a height of 8 - 10m. |
Drift Loss |
Usually less than 0.01% of the circulating water flow rate. Well - designed towers can achieve even lower drift losses, around 0.005%. |
Similar to square counter - flow, with drift losses typically less than 0.01% of the water flow rate. |
In closed - circuit towers, drift loss is almost negligible as the water is contained within the closed loop. |
Make - up Water Requirement |
Depends on the evaporation rate, drift loss, and blow - down. For a 100 - TR tower, the make - up water requirement may be around 1 - 3 m³/h. For a 1000 - TR tower, it can be 10 - 30 m³/h. |
Similar to square counter - flow. A 100 - TR round counter - flow tower may require 1 - 3 m³/h of make - up water, and a 1000 - TR tower can need 10 - 30 m³/h. |
The make - up water requirement for a closed - circuit tower is relatively low, mainly due to small leakage losses. For a 100 - TR tower, it may be 0.1 - 0.5 m³/h, and for a 1000 - TR tower, it can be 1 - 5 m³/h. |